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Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, 1894
A by-election was held for the British House of Commons constituency of Sheffield Attercliffe on 5 July 1894. It was the first parliamentary election contested by the Independent Labour Party.〔June Purvis, ''Emmeline Pankhurst: a Biography'', p.41〕
==Background==
The election was caused by the succession of Bernard Coleridge to the peerage. He had been the Liberal Party Member of Parliament for the seat since its creation for the 1885 UK general election. He had been re-elected at the 1886 and 1892 UK general elections, but the Conservative Party had taken more than 40% of the vote on each occasion. G. Hill Smith stood for the Conservatives in 1892, receiving 43.1% of the vote, and reducing Coleridge to his smallest majority to date.〔
The seat of Attercliffe had a large working class population, many working in trades which were well unionised: ironworking, toolmaking and coal mining. Local labour movement leaders believed that the new representative for the seat should be a worker.〔Joyce Brown, "Attercliffe, 1894: How One Local Liberal Party Failed to Meet the Challenge of Labour", ''The Journal of British Studies'', Vol.14, No.2, pp.48-77〕
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